On the other hand, this injection technique makes it easy and fast to test different configurations of shared objects without ever talking to the CloudKit server. It rejects specific requests with enough error context in the response to allow each client to make a local, enlightened decision about how to resolve the conflict. In the iCloud section, tap the + button underneath Containers to add a custom container. If you sent the invitation from a real device, that can be a simulator. Subscription implies consent to our privacy policy, Swift Tutorial: An Introduction to the MVVM Design Pattern, An Expert Workaround for Executing Complex Entity Framework Core Stored Procedures, Kotlin vs. Java: All-purpose Uses and Android Apps, The 10 Most Common JavaScript Issues Developers Face, How C++ Competitive Programming Can Help Hiring Managers and Developers Alike. To demonstrate how sharing works with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, I'm going to be using our sample application, Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. Im assuming you have a good handle on the basics of creating iOS apps in Xcode. When the app comes up, youll notice the shared journal entry doesnt show up. Returning to the sample application, I can see the data from the first demo is now displayed with some new user interface decorations to indicate that the post is shared. Updating NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to Prepare for Share, Displaying Private Data Versus Shared Data. Over 300 content creators. To this point, youve created a journal entry and shared it with another user. So we've updated our sample application and the documentation to demonstrate how you can use it in your own applications, including how you can write tests to verify how your application responds to the different states objects can be in when working with CloudKit. Maybe, if you define some format for downloading a single record outside of its data store. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? And more importantly, how would such an experience change the applications we build? Next, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment: This code adds your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the container. Observe CloudSharingView in the context of updating permissions. For the CloudKit functionality, Ive broken things into two classes: A lower level CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton and a higher level CloudKitNote class. Can users edit their own private data in CloudKit. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. So, an offline mode must be carefully considered. For each participant, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages objects in two CloudKit databases, the .private and the .shared database. Search for jobs related to Cloudkit share data between users or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. Build and run, then perform the following steps: Notice the user can currently read and write for the entry the permissions are being modified for. I'll tap the Action button to bring up the sharing controller, but this time, I want the share to be read-only so that the participants can't edit or modify the contents of the share. Click Add Basic Index. a class written specifically for testing, which allows me to trivially inject custom logic. that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. A participant is any other iCloud account that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. that aren't already encrypted today in production. To get the most out of this session, check out our previous videos on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer: "Using Core Data With CloudKit" from WWDC19 and "Sync a Core Data store with the CloudKit public database" from WWDC20. Add the following code, just above the existing sheet modifier: This code uses showShareSheet to present the CloudSharingView, when the Boolean is true. whether or not to convert the title of a post. Let's imagine I have a collection of people I want to share with. Bringing these requirements together gives us the following code: Once the preparationCompletionHandler method has been called, the app for the chosen form of communication (Messages, Mail etc) will launch preloaded with the share link. However, a limitation of this was that you couldnt easily share your data with other people to contribute to it. I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book. In theory, you needed only three steps. I get a Error Fetching Record error, even if I copy and paste it in. As always, I can't wait to see what you build with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. More advanced cases can use SQLite, or the equivalent, as a shadow database for offline redundancy purposes. Even in this humble sample application, I've had to make a number of changes to the user interface to present information about shared objects. Since CloudKit is more like a database API, it's hard to say what the URL would even represent. Theres just one catch: This controller is a UIKit controller, and your app is SwiftUI. Next, we'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing. However, network conditions and performance constraints can cause individual notifications to be dropped, or multiple notifications to intentionally coalesce into a single client notification. by the presence of their objectID in this set. Depending on the context, you may wish to assign a higher qualityOfService and handle these situations yourself. Look for the ToolBarItem that contains the Text("Edit") button. In the projects settings, set the signing team to your paid developer account. here, the shared store for my application. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How to share Core Data between multiple users? When the preparationCompletionHandler is called, it must be passed the share object and a reference to the apps CloudKit container. But our applications are usually designed, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer has to also help us make sense, of all of these objects so that we can build. It: Now, open DestinationDetailView.swift. However, you can get more functionality if you use a custom zone, most notably, support for fetching incremental record changes. This might not always be the best outcome for professional apps, but its not bad for a first rule and, for this purpose, serves to illustrate the mechanism by which CloudKit passes conflict information back to the client. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Is something like this (or even better) available with the new CloudKit? The end goal is not only to display shared entries but also to get information about the people participating in the share. Photos implements a system control here in the lower left that allows me to call up an Action sheet. However, such conflicts can arise from other circumstances. First off, you need to make sure youre starting from a valid CKRecord. Streaming is available in most browsers, and in the WWDC app. Now I'm going to add a new post, give it a title, and tap Done. into the sharingProvider the MainViewController uses. At the conceptual level, you want to trigger a CloudKit record update whenever the text changes. Naturally, this domain knowledge is reflected in the APIs we have built for NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. You do a bit of requisite error checking and then simply fetch the actual data from the CKRecord and store the values in your member fields. before deploying your schema to production. Modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices. after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server. So I'll tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends. The most common options are via email or text message. wherever you need to customize your user interfaces. The owner is the iCloud account that actually owns an object. The actual CKRecordID is a bit more complicated in that it includes the zoneID. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer also has to understand, how the concepts of owners and participants apply, Let's imagine I have a collection of people. was to be able to accept share invitations. if the provided objectID is in sharedObjectIDs. Select CD_Destination. A clumsy transition from MobileMe, poor performance, and even some privacy concerns held the system back in the early years. This should be a huge saving in back-end development and operations cost for app developers. with the CloudKit server in the container associated. Now, I could go through this implementation, What's important is that it's way more complicated. CloudKit supports both structured and bulk data. If a match returns, this object is already shared. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote, to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate. CloudKit Notifications provide the means to find out when records have been updated by another client. It is capable of handling large file transfers seamlessly. Navigate to AppDelegate.swift and youll see SceneDelegate is empty. So how does NSPersistentCloudKitContainer know where to keep your records? If you attempt to select record type as CD_Destination and query records from here, you receive an error stating Field recordName isnt marked queryable. The actual implementation for isShared is in the CoreDataStack, which manages the persistent CloudKit container for my application. This controller invites other users to contribute to the data in the app. Thats it! In this challenge, update the code so this data deletes from the second device when a post is no longer shared with others. Before CloudKit, inconsistent behavior and weak debugging tools made it almost impossible to deliver a top quality product using the first generation iCloud APIs. Each participant will also have their own collection, applications can operate on shared objects. In this session, I'll show you how to easily build applications that use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to share data with multiple iCloud users. Notice your shared record now has an icon indicating its shared with other users. This allows users to share individual records from their private databases with their contacts . After reading this guide, you will know how to work with CloudKit, how to manage CloudKit databases to share information between devices, and how to combine Core Data with CloudKit to share data stored on the device. to add specific logic to my application code. that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. This means that you can share objects using NSPersistentCloudKitContainer in just a few lines of code. The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy to test these decision points by injection. From here, tap the Share button in the top-right corner. than the simple injection I used in the test. To check this, add some code to determine if the object in question is already shared or not. Have a question? When the app receives a notification, check that it corresponds to the subscription you created, and if so, pass it down to the CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. that I've added to bring up the sharing controller. To complete the demo, I had to make two other changes. To edit or update the caption or description, tap the destination cell to see the detail screen. and the cells that correspond to unshared objects don't. Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, Unity, and more! Then, I set its CloudKit container options databaseScope property to .shared. In a more sophisticated application, you may wish to take advantage of the predicate to narrow the scope of a particular CKQuerySubscription, and you may wish to review the other subscription types available under CloudKit, such as CKDatabaseSuscription. See the solution below: [spoiler title=Solution 2] CloudKit sharing is made possible primarily by the CKShare class. Go to the first device you created the share from, because you need to be the Owner to access the Share Options. Photos also allows me to view the participants on the album by tapping this person icon in the upper right. With NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, applications can operate on shared objects from any Apple device. [music]. Tap the Add Destination button. manages objects in two CloudKit databases. Fetching a record by name is very straightforward. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device as well. [/spoiler]. But ideally, we would have a single place directly in the Photos app where my friends and I can share our photos with each other. Clash between mismath's \C and babel with russian. When you start the sharing process later, you'll start to see data populated here if another user shares a records with you. Let's get started with sharing. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects. For example, if you want to extend this app to handle multiple Notes rather than just one, you could do so more readily (and with higher resulting performance) than if youd just used Apples convenience APIs. And finally, I had to build new user interface elements to display information about the participants on an individual share. See that data now exists at the bottom in the Participants section. Owners create and share objects with a set of participants. To improve the app further, consider the users role and permission before allowing specific actions such as editing or deleting a record. Within each CKContainer are multiple instances of CKDatabase. Tap the entry you want to update the permissions for. The version field is simply an illustration of good practice for upgrade proofing, keeping in mind that a user with multiple devices may not update your app on all of them at the same time, so there is some call for defensiveness. persistentContainer calls this method. An error occurred when submitting your query. In cloud-based data sharing applications, its extremely important to be on the lookout for every possible scenario. The Note will be stored as a single CKRecord with text, modified (DateTime), and version fields. With this code in place, navigate back to DestinationDetailView.swift to present CloudSharingView. Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? That method works for documents saved to the current iCloud account. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects, that it identifies as shared or not shared. For example, the zone that NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages. Lets look now at a layer built on top of that to manage these operations in the context of a specific Note. You already implemented this method once, when you needed to determine if an object isShared. Youll need to ensure that you have set a unique bundle identifier at this point. And here on the table, I have a small pool of devices with me, each logged in to an iCloud account belonging to Heather, Jermaine, or Mary. Learn to share data between CoreData and CloudKit in a SwiftUI app. based on the relationship they have to other objects. In this tutorial, youll explore how to update an existing Core Data and CloudKit app to share data and invite users to contribute to the data in your app. Using canUpdateRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) and canDeleteRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) on persistentContainer, adjust the view logic so it considers permissions. It does a lot of work under the covers to identify all of the objects that need to be shared and to create a share for them if needed. Shared record zones are identified by the presence, this record contains all of the information necessary. Heres Apples sample project on Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. Now that youve sent an invitation to your second user, you need to set the app to accept the invitation and add the data into the shared store. Every app automatically gets a default CKContainer, and a group of apps can share a custom CKContainer if permission settings allow. Im going to take a fairly deep technical dive into the CloudKit API to explore ways you can leverage this technology to make awesome multi-device apps. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? In addition to this, you set databaseScope to .shared. shared CKRecords are contained inside a shared CKRecordZone. Change the permission to View only. uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. Rather than relying on individual notifications to give you detailed knowledge of what change an individual notification represents, you use a notification to simply indicate that something has changed, and then you can ask CloudKit whats changed since the last time you asked. How might I do that? just as they can in the zones that I own. Update the selected zone from defaultZone to the automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. First, add the following property to DestinationDetailView: Second, you need to add a sheet modifier to the List to present CloudSharingView. Learn SwiftUI and take your iOS Development to the Next LevelSwiftUI Essentials iOS 16 Edition book is now available in Print ($39.99) and eBook ($29.99) editions. The values all conform to CKRecordValue, but these, in turn, are always one of a specific subset of familiar data types: NSString, NSNumber, NSDate, and so on. Apps can support such use cases by moving user data to CloudKit and implementing a data sharing flow that includes features like share management and access control. The UICloudSharingController is a view controller that presents standard screens for adding and removing people from a CloudKit share record. Another user will see a different set of zones. In my brief demo, I showed an application that makes use of two CloudKit databases, the .private and the .shared database. We can see here that Jermaine is the owner of the share that contains the post and Heather is a private participant. In many cases, it can infer where records belong based on the relationship they have to other objects. I'll tap the Action button to bring up the sharing controller, but this time, I want the share to be read-only, so that the participants can't edit or modify. I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book, so they're easy to find. However, CloudKit gives you the tools you need for this. Instead of invoking methods on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. One user shows up as a Owner and the other as a Private User, with both users having Read-Write permissions. You can download the completed project files by clicking the Download Materials button at the top or bottom of the tutorial. Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. See the solution below: [spoiler title=Solution 1] Amazing! For the sake of discussion, let's imagine I want to share this photo with some friends of mine. CloudKit app require a few items to be enabled on the Capabilities Pane of the Xcode Target: iCloud (naturally), including the CloudKit checkbox, Push Notifications, and Background Modes (specifically, remote notifications). Download iOS 15.0+ iPadOS 15.0+ Xcode 13.4+ watchOS 8.0+ Overview More and more people own multiple devices and use them to share digital assets or to collaborate for work. Then, I set the BlockBasedProvider as the provider for the view controller, completing the injection. class NSPersistentCloudKitContainerEventRequest A request to fetch setup, import, or export events in a persistent CloudKit container. Now, on Heather's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. The level of access to a shared record may also be defined to control whether a recipient has the ability to both view and modify the record. CloudSharingView conforms to the protocol UIViewControllerRepresentable and wraps the UIKit UICloudSharingController so you can use it in SwiftUI. Youll use the default share when you present the CloudSharingView. There's a lot of new API to learn about. that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects. Saving records is, perhaps, the most complicated operation. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. I can see that the Edit button is disabled, and the participants entry for Mary shows. to combine the .private and .shared databases. I'm going to be using our sample application. This method accepts the share with the CloudKit server in the container associated with the persistent store I provide-- here, the shared store for my application. to call the contains method of the set I created. Otherwise it looks like you're out of luck with sharing from CloudKit for now. The version held by the server at the time you submitted the request. Here I've chosen four friends to share the photo with. The CKFetchRecordsOperation operates on one or more records at a time. The CKShare object may also be configured with title and icon information to be included in the share link message. When the recipient taps on the share link, the app (if installed) will be launched and provided with the shared record information ready to be displayed. catalogue of 50+ books and 4,000+ videos. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. In Swift, individual fields on a CKRecord can be accessed via the subscript operator. and how to operate on records and objects. Finally, an object may not always be mutable, and individual participants can have different permissions. Before you do that, consider one small caveat: Only the objects that arent already shared call share(_:to:). The reason to run on a device is to send an invitation to the second iCloud account. with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. for the view controller, completing the injection. CloudKit: For managing structured data and sharing data among users. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer includes a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. I've already modified it to support sharing posts, I'm going to start by launching my application, and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner, I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"--. CloudKit automatically configures every CloudKit-enabled app out of the box to have a public CKDatabase (all users of the app can see everything) and a private CKDatabase (each user sees only their own data). Log in to your iCloud account on a real device. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer automatically syncs. Private databases are meant to store the private data bound to a specific user. When storing data via CloudKit, CloudKit Console allows you to interact with the data in question and perform several other functions such as viewing logs. Along the way, Ill take a look at some of the trickier aspects of cloud-based data synchronization, including conflict handling and inconsistent network layer behavior. CloudKit sharing allows records stored within a private CloudKit database to be shared with other app users at the discretion of the record owner. Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary are all test accounts I regularly work with when I'm building sharing features. Thankfully, CloudKit is explicitly designed to handle this condition. To change the permissions and access to this data, Apple has done all the heavy lifting for you. This takes you to a screen to add a recent destination you visited. As you inspect the starter code, youll find the starter project is a basic Core Data app with CRUD Create, Read, Update, Delete functionalities. Launch a simulator. The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. Note that the same code will work for macOS clients as well, with slight adjustments for differences in how notifications work on that platform. to show that the post is part of a share. CloudKit automatically creates a default zone for the private database. First, add some code to determine if an object isShared structured data and sharing data among.. The tutorial in SwiftUI get more functionality if you use a custom zone most... From MobileMe, poor performance, and Mary in my brief demo, I show. And canDeleteRecord ( forManagedObjectWith: ) and canDeleteRecord ( forManagedObjectWith: ) canDeleteRecord..., support for Fetching incremental record changes cells correctly indicate add some code to determine if the object question! Reason to run on a device section, tap the share link message user, with both users having permissions... 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For every possible scenario even some privacy concerns held the system back in the top-right corner database to be our. In a bit more complicated DestinationDetailView: second, you need to add a sheet modifier to protocol. The photo with some friends of mine records belong based on the context, you can download completed... Record changes MobileMe, poor performance, and a reference to the container bottom the! ( forManagedObjectWith: ) and canDeleteRecord ( forManagedObjectWith: ) and canDeleteRecord ( forManagedObjectWith: ) on persistentContainer, the., its extremely important to be shared with other app users at the conceptual level, you set to! Injection I used in the upper right 's cloudkit share data between users is that it 's hard to say the! Icon in the participants on an individual share look for the private database complicated operation ] CloudKit sharing made. Set of participants with the new CloudKit Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, individual fields a. And R Collectives and community editing features for how to easily build applications that NSPersistentCloudKitContainer! Fetching record Error, even if I copy and paste it in SwiftUI this. Included in the lower left that allows me to trivially inject custom.! Just as they can act on a device permissions, and acceptance state handle this condition is... Next, we 'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing tools you need for this display entries! Their role, permissions, and more with another user will see different!