Paleo-Indian culture appears by 10,500 BC in West Virginia passing along the major river valleys and ridge-line gap watersheds. Middle and Late Woodland people include Middle Woodland Watson pottery people, Late Woodland Wood Phase, Late Hopewell at Romney, Montana (late Woodland AD 5001000), Wilhelm culture (Late Middle Woodland, c. AD 1~500), Armstrong (Late Middle Woodland, c. AD 1~500), Buck Garden (Late Woodland AD 5001200), Childers Phase (Late Middle Woodland c. 400 AD), and Parkline Phase (Late Woodland AD 750~1000). 520, High Density: {{copy.hd_shelf}}, {{copy.hd_shelfmark}}. acres, on Turkey Spring of Opeckon, dated October 3, It is one of the longest rivers in West Virginia. Despite local support for Virginia, residents who actually filled out ballots voted overwhelmingly to place both counties in West Virginia. It further declared the pro-secession government in Richmond void and called for a reorganization of the state government, taking the line that all who adhered to the Ordinance of Secession had effectively vacated their offices. [5] Little is known about the housing of Paleo-Indian and Archaic periods, but Woodland Indians lived in wigwams. Within the Mountain State, these tribal villages can be characterized as rather small and scattered as they moved about the old fields every couple of generations. recorded in Orange County, before the county of Frederick was Bowman, 100 1776 - People in the region petition the Congress to create a 14th state called Westsylvania, but it is denied. Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, National American Woman Suffrage Association, Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia, List of Registered Historic Places in West Virginia, "West Virginia Memory Project - Timeline Search", "Reclaiming Congressman Philip Doddridge from Tidewater Cultural Imperialism", "How Virginia Split Into "East" and West Virginia (But With Only Three Shenandoah Valley Counties, and Without Southwest Virginia)", "WVGES Geology: West Virginia Salt Industry", "Logging the Virgin Forests of West Virginia", 5 Facts about the Vietnam War & West Virginia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_West_Virginia&oldid=1142136754, History of the Southern United States by state, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1922 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Rasmussen, Barbara. Wooden coal barges were built on the Monongahela River near Morgantown, as well as along Coal River and Elk River. The issue was finally settled in 1915, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that West Virginia owed Virginia $12,393,929.50. acres, 12 November 1735. The constitutionality of the new state was achieved when the Unionist government of Virginia approved the division. Coal transloading facilities were developed at several points, notably Toledo, Ohio. gotten at this day. It included all areas west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, constituting all of present West Virginia. [13], The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 185051, the Reform Convention, addressed a number of issues important to western Virginians. It was set up to be the center of the Virginia Colony's government and commerce. overflowed to the Ohio and Kanawha Valleys, and went to help Counties in the east and south were settled mostly by eastern Virginians. Beginning in 1898, Page teamed with northern and European-based investors to take advantage of the undeveloped area. First to successfully cultivate tobacco in Colony; married Pocohontas. Months later upon his arrival, the new Petersburg manager, Chester Mace, was shown the curious novelty. Original Home of Col. John Evans, Morgantown, W. Va. Group Poses with Fairfax Stone, Tucker County, W. Va. WVU Libraries West Virginia speak by the records of those that were among the earliest, if Kindle Edition. that so many names of the early settlers of any region can be 1748 - George Washington surveyed land in West Virginia. Their living characteristics were more of a heritage from the Woodland Indians.[7]. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Thos. Farming to them was not only a means of earning a living, but also a way of life" a way of living.. a large number of other grants to others, "designed to be Major crises in the Virginia state government over these differences were averted on more than one occasion during the period before the American Civil War, but the underlying problems were fundamental and never well resolved. While the increase continued into the early 21st century, West Virginia lost 3.2 percent of its population between 2010 and 2020. "Reconstruction in West Virginia, Part I and II,", Link, William A. The artifacts uncovered in these give evidence of a village society having a tribal trade system culture that practiced the cold working of copper to a limited extent. Such works include historical information on a building and genealogical information on its inhabitants. During the American Civil War, West Virginia suffered comparatively little. ISBN: 1579442528 Series: Family tree maker's family archives. FamilySearch makes every effort to enable access dependent on decisions of record custodians and applicable laws. 1726 - German settlers build the settlement of New Mecklenburg. Lewis Starry, Robt. The necessary sections of right-of way and land were acquired before the large railroads realized what was happening. Ambler, Charles H. "If it required a military force to hold an election, if Cabell County, which borders on the Ohio River, had to have a military force to hold an election there; if Boone had to have a military force to hold an election at two points; if a detachment went up and held an election there, and got into a corner of Raleigh and held an election there, with what difficulty are the counties represented?" This screen shows the complete catalog entry of the title you selected. This document, drafted by former state senator John S. Carlile, declared that the Virginia Declaration of Rights required any substantial change in the nature or form of the state government to be approved by the people. Keelboats were built in the Kanawha region in Leon, Ravenswood Murraysville, and Little Kanawha River. Settlers increasingly branched out along the eastern coast, but it was not until the early eighteenth century that pioneers began pushing into West Virginia itself. A little over one month later, Kanawha was renamed West Virginia. included in a county to be called the county of Orange, being The Virginia General Assembly repealed the act of cession and in 1866 brought suit against West Virginia asking the court to declare the two counties a part of Virginia. expressed, which orders were made June 17, 1730. [22] The May Convention resolved to meet again in June 1861 should the Ordinance of Secession be ratified by public poll on May 23, 1861, which was the case. Hampshire and Hardy were included in 270. 1 The FamilySearch Library has microfilm copies of these records, including: 1748-1912 Land grants arranged by counties FS Library film 521685, first of 56 films. Chester, Frederick County. ", Corbin, David Alan. They also raised domestic turkeys and kept dogs as pets. Early West Virginia Settlers, 1600s-1900s This database is comprised of fourteen books. Meter, who had obtained orders of our said Lieutenant-Governor, The Virginia Colony became the wealthiest and most populated British colony in North America. The Constitutional Convention began on November 26, 1861, and finished its work on February 18, 1862. Paul H. Rakes, "West Virginia Coal Mine Fatalities: The Subculture of Danger and a Statistical Overview of the Pre-enforcement Era,", Rob Silvester, West Virginia State Wildlife Center: A Century of Conservation and Education, WVDNR, 2010, Pamela Edwards, "West Virginia Women in World War II: The Role of Gender, Class, and Race in Shaping Wartime Volunteer Efforts,", Sam F. Stack, Jr., "Implementing 'Brown' V. 'Board Of Education' In West Virginia: The 'Southern School News' Reports,", Knights of the Golden Horseshoe Expedition, Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, Virginia Constitutional Convention of 18291830, Virginia Constitutional Convention of 185051, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union. Hunt, Christian Blank. Battelle's resolution a policy of "Negro exclusion" for the new state was adopted to keep any new slaves, or freemen, from taking up residence, in the hope that this would satisfy abolitionist sentiment in Congress. There has Established by the Virginia Company of London this settlement would be called Jamestown, after king James I. settlement of Quakers in another vicinity, viz: the Perkinses, After the war, with the new railroads came a practical method to transport large quantities of coal to expanding U.S. and export markets. 1734, Grant to William Jasper, 62 ; no. By royal charter, the extreme western boundaries of Virginia at this time extended to the Pacific Ocean, but the terms "backcountry" or "back settlements" specifically refer to new settlements in the eastern Appalachian . But the east also gave itself a tax advantage in requiring a property tax at true and actual value, except for slaves. "A Reappraisal of Statehood Politics in West Virginia". The Wildlife and Fish Commission was created in 1921. Waddell's First Families of Early Augusta County Scott's List of Orange County Importations In spite of sexism, racism, and class distinctions that women faced in volunteering, thousands responded to the national war effort. Brock, Robt. At this time, West Virginia had nearly 70,000 qualified voters, and the May 23, 1861 vote to secede had drawn nearly 54,000 voters. Even before the American Civil War, counties in northwest Virginia had desired to break away from Virginia to form a new state. [11] However, western reforms were rejected by leaders from east of the Alleghenies who "clung to political power in an effort to preserve their plantation lifestyles dependent on enslaving blacks. Many settlers crossed the mountains after 1750, though they were hindered by Native American resistance. Later in 1624, Virginia was created as a royal colony that included the original Jamestown settlement, when King James I revolked the charter of the bankrupt Virginia Company and the colony transferred to royal authority as a crown colony, but the elected representatives in Jamestown continued to exercise a fair amount of power. Also brief accounts of First Settlers, and their Descendants. [38] Slavery was officially abolished by West Virginia on February 3, 1865. 1863-1889 Plats and surveys FS Library film 462959. 500 acres, dated 3 October, 1734, Grant to Richard Pendall, 300 For practical purposes, the Adena is Early Woodland period according to West Virginia University's Dr. Edward V. McMichael,[4] also among the 1963 Geological Survey. Following the war, Virginia unsuccessfully brought a case to the Supreme Court challenging the secession of Berkeley County and Jefferson County to West Virginia. Elk Branch Presbyterian Church 1790 Hampshire County Militia Opequon Creek is tributary of the Potomac River. In Feb., 1739, to Hendery Van Meter, Thos. Walkers, Beesons. Attention: This site does not support the current version of your web browser. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Samuel Morris, 378 Railroad spurs were built throughout West Virginia, connecting mines to the riverboats, barges and coal-tipples. patent or grant of land west of the Blue Ridge was made to Jost McDowell and James Served as Deputy-Governor of the Virginia Colony from 1616-1617, 1625 & 1627. Jefferson in 1801. During the French and Indian War (17541763), the scattered settlements were almost destroyed. Some delegates favored the immediate formation of a new state, while others argued that, as Virginia's secession had not yet been ratified or become effective, such action would constitute revolution against the United States. remarkable that he would go away out in a new country, infested Nonetheless, West Virginia was considered the frontier for quite some time. "[12] Virginia leaders maintained a property qualification for suffrage effectively disenfranchising poorer farmers in the west, whose families did much of the farm work themselves. [Webmasters The settlers listed below were all considered very important to the establishment of government and were significant in the historical impact on Colonial Virginia: The following persons were among the prominent first families that immigrated to Colonial Virginia in the 1600's-early 1700's: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Virginia, http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108283.html, https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Early_Settlers_of_Colonial_Virginia, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1693, 1696, 1699, and one of the committee in 1700 reporting a revision of the laws which were approved by the General Assembly in 1705, Served as Colonial Governor of Virginia 1768-1770, Was a fur trader and served in the House of Burgesses. "'This Bastard New Virginia': Slavery, West Virginia Exceptionalism, and the Secession Crisis,". Johnson, 298 Ashby, But in the western counties that would form the state of West Virginia, the vote was approximately 34,677 against and 19,121 for ratification of the Ordinance of Secession. Some FamilySearch centers and affiliate libraries maintain collections of previously loaned microfilms or microfiche. Ramp Hollow: The Ordeal of Appalachia (p. 22). Bronson, Samuel Glass, David Logan, Fred lauds of John Mills and _____ Hobzson, dated 12 November The Treaty of Albany, 1722, designated the Blue Ridge Mountains as the western boundary of white settlement,[9] and recognized Iroquois rights on the west side of the ridge, including all of West Virginia. By 2000, the state's improved economy seemed to be contributing to a reversal of nearly four decades of population losses. Early Settlement in the Eastern Panhandle The Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia borders Maryland and Virginia. Historical Magazine. When the statehood bill reached Congress, however, the lack of an emancipation clause prompted opposition from Senator Charles Sumner and Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio. of early settlements and land grants in West Virginia by W. S. The charter for the colony included a massive section of land that encompassed a large part of the eastern United States, including West Virginia. Morgan Morgan. Small farmers, however, had all their assets, animals, and land taxed at full value. Hollingsworth, 472 acres, dated October 3, 1734, Grant to John Welton, 442 West Virginia's nickname is known as the "Mountain State" due to its landscape being largely covered by the Appalachian Mountains. acres. West Virginia was one of five Civil War border states. They were adopted into the Seneca as a reward and settled in Randolph County, calling themselves the Blackfoot Senecas, though a great many Saponi stayed behind and were later incorporated into the Iroquois by other means. Curry, Richard Orr. President Lincoln was in a close campaign when he won reelection in 1864 with the majority of the popular vote and 212 electoral votes, versus 21 electoral votes cast for his Democratic opponent. 828 acres, October 3, 1734. Trading posts were established at the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers at Point Pleasant, West Virginia where, in the mid 1780s, Daniel Boone resided for several years. 3, No. Therefore, since the Secession Convention had been called by the legislature and not the people, all its acts were illegal. It called for the gradual emancipation of slaves based on age after July 4, 1863. Noe, Kenneth W. "Exterminating Savages: The Union Army and Mountain Guerrillas in Southern West Virginia, 18611865." Hoge, Abraham The instrument was ratified on April 11, 1862, with 18,162 votes for and 514 against. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Robert Slaughter, The area that comprises West Virginia was originally part of the British Virginia Colony (1607-1776) and the western part of the U.S. state of Virginia (1776-1863). The Adena Indians used ceremonial pipes that were exceptional works of art. They lived in round (double post method) wicker sided and bark sheet roofed houses. Within 10 years, the C&O was building tracks east from Richmond down the Virginia Peninsula to reach its huge coal pier at the new city of Newport News, Virginia on the large harbor of Hampton Roads. Western Virginia became sharply divided over the issue of secession from the Union, leading to the separation from Virginia, and formalized by West Virginia's admittance to the Union as a new state in 1863. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to William Jay 100 [19] However, most of the pro-Confederate elements no longer considered themselves citizens of the United States; they saw themselves as citizens of another country (the Confederacy) and did not vote in elections sponsored by the United States. The same year German settlers from Pennsylvania founded New Mecklenburg, the present Shepherdstown, on the Potomac River, and others soon followed. 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[41], West Virginia was forested. : Brderbund, c2000 Physical: 1 CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in. The June 1861 convention consisted of 104 members, 35 of which were members of the General Assembly in Richmond, some elected in the May 23 vote, and some hold-over State Senators. In the 1850s, geologists such as British expert Dr. David T. Ansted (18141880), surveyed potential coal fields and invested in land and early mining projects. Gordon Battelle, an Ohio native who sought to introduce a resolution for gradual emancipation. History of Lower Valley, while he does not admit they are the Magazine, Quarterly, January 1903, Vol. In particular, men such as lawyer Francis H. Pierpont from Fairmont, had long chafed under the political domination of the Tidewater and Piedmont slave-holders. Enjoy the work of our webmasters, provide a link, do not copy their work. Served in House of Burgesses for New Kent County, son of. West Virginia suffragists worked at supporting the agendas put forward by the National American Woman Suffrage Association, the National Association of Colored Women and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in the 1890s through the early part of the 20th century. Members of the Carpenter family were among the first white people to settle in what is now central West Virginia, and their descendants populate a wide area today. Kanawha salt production followed by coal and timber could be seen on the waterways. [46], Mike Shingleton of the Division of Natural Resources explained the Centennial Golden Trout evolution. 1732, this part of the country settled up very rapidly, and the Genealogical records. In the election held on October 24, 1861, 18,408 votes were cast for the new state and only 781 against. [39], In recent years, there has been serious talk about the possibility of certain counties in the Eastern Panhandle rejoining the Commonwealth of Virginia. Brown was quickly convicted of treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, murder, and fomenting a slave insurrection, and was hanged on December 2. This was made acceptable to the west by a provision that required the General Assembly to reapportion representation on the basis of white population in 1865, or else put the matter to a public referendum. part of the same article. is not now our purpose to continue here this discussion, but to Buffalo were included in 1954 and attracted additional visitors. "[32] Many private citizens were arrested by federal authorities at the request of Wheeling and interned in prison camps, most notably Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio. Also in 1634, a new system of local government was created in the Virginia Colony by order of the King of England. In Noe and Shannon H. Wilson, Riccards, Michael P. "Lincoln and the Political Question: The Creation of the State of West Virginia", Stealey III, John E. "The Freedmen's Bureau in West Virginia,", Zimring, David R. "'Secession in Favor of the Constitution': How West Virginia Justified Separate Statehood during the Civil War. Coal Expansion and Mine Wars (1883 to 1922), Cold War (1946 to 1990) - Decline of Coal, West Virginia and Regional History Center. During the American Revolution, the movement to create a state west of the Alleghenies was revived and a petition for the establishment of "Westsylvania" was presented to Congress, on the grounds that the mountains presented an almost impassable barrier to the east. All give reference to Virginia. Those not voting were Thomas Maslin of Hardy County and Benjamin Wilson of Harrison County. The population consisted almost entirely of farmers seeking land upon which they could build a home and produce a living. acres, on the _____ branch of the Opeckon, between the In 1861, as the United States itself became massively divided over slavery, leading to the American Civil War (18611865), the western regions of Virginia split with the eastern portion politically, and the two were never reconciled as a single state again. Beans in 1741. Of the 49 delegates from the future state of West Virginia, 17 voted in favor, and 30 voted against, and two abstained. Frederick was established by law in Even in the 21st century, mining safety and ecological concerns are challenging to the state whose coal continues to power electrical generating plants in many other states. In the northern portion of the state and elsewhere, the older Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) and other lines also expanded to take advantage of coal opportunities as well. About 1714, Morgan met and married Catherine Garretson, with whom he had nine children. Votes from the secessionist counties in the October 24 vote on statehood were mostly cast by refugees in the area around Wheeling, not in the counties themselves. Gradually, settlers drifted farther down the Ohio River into present southern Indiana and Illinois; population generally followed the Ohio and the Wabash Rivers. This unique collection of family and local histories, marriage records, military records, and court records references approximately 200,000 individuals. Following are the traditional Archaic sub-periods; Early (80006000 BC), Middle (60004000 BC), and Late (40001000 BC). Also within the region is the Laurentian Archaic Tradition, which includes Brewerton Phase, Feeley Phase, Dunlop Phase, McKibben Phase, Genesee Phase, Stringtown/Satchel Phase, Satchel Phase and Lamoka/Dustin Phase. John Van Metre, an Indian trader, penetrated into the northern portion of West Virginia in 1725. The American History and Genealogy Project. The logging industry furthered the river shipping industry. purchasers of Hite, of the 40,000 acres, he obtained from Van Wilson, Jno. Disputes about the exact location of the border in some of the northern mountain reaches between Loudoun County, Virginia and Jefferson County, West Virginia continued well into the 20th century. After its new President Frederick J. Kimball and a small party journeyed by horseback and saw firsthand the rich bituminous coal seam (which Kimball's wife named "Pocahontas," the N&W redirected its planned westward expansion to reach it. But renegade Cherokee chief Dragging Canoe continued to dispute the settlers' advance, fighting the CherokeeAmerican wars (17761794) until after the American Revolutionary War. He explains as industry developed in the region, the people of West Virginia saw a need for wildlife conservation. [3] Within the greater region of and neighboring the Mountain State, the Riverton Tradition includes Maple Creek Phase. [42] Small pockets of virgin forest remain at Gaudineer Scenic Area and Cathedral State Park.[43]. When the United States Bureau of Mines was given more authority to regulate mine safety in the 1960s, safety awareness improved, and West Virginia coal mines became less dangerous.[44]. Served as Colonial Governor of Virginia 1635-1637. Today, the zoological facility is of 338-acre (1.37km2) modern Wildlife Center under the direction of the Division of Natural Resources. 1734, Grant to Thomas Johnson, 150 acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Israel Frond, 300 with Indians, with few of the conveniences of civilization, Philip Doddridge of Brooke County championed the cause of western Virginians who sought a more democratic frame of government. West Virginia University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action with the above clause therein, which designates the same as him, and the grants were issued directly to the said purchasers, acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Robert Worthington, Though England eventually defeated the French, warfare would continue to be a part of life for the early West Virginia settlers, as Indian conflicts continued into the American War of Independence, the last battle of which was fought at Fort Henry in 1782, in present day Wheeling, West Virginia. There were, therefore, two governments claiming to represent all of Virginia, one owing allegiance to the United States and one to the Confederacy. Most of them came from Pennsylvania in the north in search of new lands. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to George Williams, 489 The first settlement in what became known as the Virginia Colony was Jamestown, which was founded in 1607. Neither the land grant or the Swiss colony ever materialized. George Washington to Frederick County to survey lands for him, In March 1761, Robert Harper obtained a permit to operate a ferry across the Shenandoah River at present-day Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County. [49], During the Vietnam War a total of 36,578 West Virginians served, with most beginning as teenagers. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Benjamin Harden, l 116117, "Union troops were stationed outside polling places to intimidate those who might vote for Virginia. Elizabeth Cometti, and Festus P. Summers. Box 6069 Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 Phone: 1-304-293-4040 Fax: 1-304-293-6638 West Virginia University. Primogeniture favored the first sons' inheriting lands and titles in England. not the first settlers. 1738 the Varices, Glasses, Hoges, Wilsons, Frys, 1995-2022 Ancestral Findings, LLC. Bands of guerrillas burned and plundered in some sections, and were not entirely suppressed until after the war was ended. This unique collection of family and local histories, marriage records, military records, and court records references approximately 200,000 individuals. It will be noticed that there were deeds [34] In addition, a large portion of the state was secessionist,[35] and any polls there had to be conducted under military intervention. In a referendum on May 23, 1861, secession was ratified by a large majority in the state as a whole. The property of Confederates might be confiscated, and, in 1866, a constitutional amendment disfranchising all who had given aid and comfort to the Confederacy was adopted. The B&O developed coal piers in Baltimore and at several points on the Great Lakes. Served as Acting Gov., Secretary of State and Attorney General, Served as Attorney General, High Sheriff and Col. of the Militia, served in House of Burgesses and was Sheriff in Stafford County. Morgan Morgan (November 1, 1688-November 17, 1766) is traditionally considered the first white settler of West Virginia. The population was not homogeneous, as a considerable part of the immigration came by way of Pennsylvania and included Germans, Protestant Scotch-Irish, and settlers from the states farther north. 520 Add to Print List Notes Remnants of the Mound Builder's civilization have been found throughout West Virginia, with many artifacts found in . Served as Deputy Governor of the Colony of Virginia 1627-1629. Following this conflict, known as Dunmore's War, the Shawnee and Mingo ceded their rights south of the Ohio, that is, to West Virginia and Kentucky. The backcountry frontier of colonial Virginia reached westward from the Blue Ridge Mountains to the farthest extent of Virginia settlement in the eighteenth century. The Supreme Court decided in favor of West Virginia, and there has been no further question. 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